Small size and lightweight
Immunity to electromagnetic interference
Ability to operate in harsh environments
High sensitivity and accuracy
Long-distance signal transmission
The sensing takes place within the fiber itself.
Changes in temperature, pressure, strain, or other parameters directly affect the properties of light traveling through the fiber.
The optical fiber is used to transmit light to and from an external sensing region.
The measurement is made outside the fiber, and the light carries the information back for analysis.
Fiber optic sensors work by detecting changes in:
Light intensity
Phase
Wavelength
Polarization
These changes are caused by external physical influences (e.g., strain, temperature, pressure) and are measured to infer the quantity being monitored.
Structural health monitoring (e.g., bridges, buildings, dams)
Medical applications (e.g., endoscopy, temperature sensing in MRI environments)
Aerospace and defense (e.g., vibration and pressure monitoring)
Oil and gas industry (e.g., pipeline monitoring)
Industrial automation (e.g., robotics, manufacturing processes)
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