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A photo sensor is an electronic device that detects changes in light intensity or presence. It works by converting light into an electrical signal. It is widely used in automation, safety, and detection applications.

Main Types of Photo Sensors:

1. Through-Beam Type:

   • Working: Light beam travels from emitter to receiver across a gap. Object interrupts the beam.

   • Features: Long sensing distance, high accuracy.

   • Use: Conveyor systems, object detection at long range.

2. Retro-Reflective Type:

   • Working: Light is reflected back to the sensor from a reflector. Object blocks the reflected light.

   • Features: Easier setup than through-beam, medium range.

   • Use: Packaging machines, counting systems.

3. Diffuse Type:

   • Working: Light reflects off the object itself and returns to the sensor.

   • Features: Shorter range, no need for reflector.

   • Use: Bottle filling machines, small object detection.

4. Background Suppression (BGS):

   • Working: Detects object based on distance, ignoring background reflections.

   • Use: Transparent or shiny objects, short-distance sensing.